MASS MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY OF TODAY an Example by

MASS MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY OF TODAY Who, what, when, where, why, and how - the questions answered that people find out about on the happenings around the world. In any aspect of the society, whether about political, economics, religion, home living, environment, celebrity or entertainment news, among many others, are now easily fed to an everyday person's knowledge through the different mass media we have currently available. Such mass media include from the good old days up to now: newspapers, radio, television, word of mouth from family, friends, and colleagues at school, work, or neighborhood, etc. With the onset of high technology, namely the evolution of the internet, the wireless network that connects people globally, information is literally at the tips of our fingers. With the different forms of media available, we are kept updated and at these times of technology, we receive data at a brisk pace. It is up to an individual on how s/he digests all the information, on whether a person would listen in or read on d aily news, or simply tune them out. Need essay sample on "MASS MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY OF TODAY" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed All sorts of news that are worthy taking note of or ones that belong to the garbage are churned out daily, even by seconds or minutes of coming out through all forms of media, especially the internet. There are now blogs that are easily composed by anybody in the world wide web tackling on different subjects from mundane things of celebrity gossips, to world issues about saving the environment, calamities, poverty, and war. We should take note that there are reliable sources and not so reliable ones. Separating the unreliable news, in one of the disadvantages of such forms of media, it is wisely advisable to apply the saying do not believe everything you read/hear. We should know that any news received from mass media are supposedly to make people aware of what is going on. It is up to an individual to discern which is truthful or not, or those that deserve to be junked out. Information received can be good or bad depending on how a person perceives it. Media people, those who churn out all of these information, news in any form, have the responsibility in keeping the society well informed. People's lives are influenced both positively and negatively. Positively in a way that it bridges people from everywhere in all walks of life. Negatively that it can bring out the worst in a person, especially with just about everything easily accessible that they are no longer monitored properly, especially with the young generation exposed to it such as social networking sites that can be a place for lurking predators. E-mail and online forms of communication like through instant messaging, chat, webcam, etc can connect people globally. Aside from personal friends, there now exists online friends. Relatives and friends from different countries are now able to keep in touch in more ways than one. A new language has also evolved with chat and text messaging that shortens or abbreviates words. For example: WB - welcome back, l8r - later. A downside to this is that the new generation would have the tendency of lacking in good vocabulary skills of grammar and spelling. Change is inevitable and how things may turn out with our high technology of today would indeed breed a high-paced generation. The mass media both reflect and shape our society. Our cultural values, attitudes and stereotypes are exposed through the news from mass media. It shows how people are now. Also, in a way, it reinforces in which direction people take from what is covered by the mass media. It changes how we see the society from what is laid out before us by the mass media. We are bombarded by too much celebrity news such as what has been going on lately with Britney Spears, Paris Hilton, Lindsay Lohan that would make us stop and think --- is this how we would want children to become? Role models, not! This is where a good change comes in, a real wake up call for everybody. Reference Clive Gifford "Media & communications" New York : Dorling Kindersley, 2000. J Charles Sterin "Mass media revolution" Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 2012.

Free Essays on Gender Issue in Music

Issue of November 12, 1997 Rock & Roll: Does it influence teens’ behavior? (Continuation of article) Male- vs. female-appeal music From conversations with their friends and acquaintances, Roberts and Christenson have concluded that most adults generally think of adolescent music as all the same. Most don't seem aware of the astonishing increase in music genres and subgenres since they were young. Billboard now reports on more than 20 music charts, and the annual Grammy awards recognize 80 music categories. Yet even the industry does not recognize as much fragmentation as youthful consumers when they are asked about their music preferences. This diversity and selectivity are important, the authors say, because the "symbolic environment" of genres varies and adolescent preferences are linked to both individual and group identity. "A kid whose tastes run to rap artists such as Coolio or NWA probably thinks of himself in different terms and associates with a different peer group than one who prefers the pop sound of Mariah Carey or Janet Jackson." American adolescents perceive a cluster of music grounded in the racial origin of performers, they say, and also combine into one group various music types of British origin, such as punk, new wave and reggae. They also recognize "classic" rock of the '60s and '70s as a category, heavy metal, American hard rock, Christian music (inc... Free Essays on Gender Issue in Music Free Essays on Gender Issue in Music Issue of November 12, 1997 Rock & Roll: Does it influence teens’ behavior? (Continuation of article) Male- vs. female-appeal music From conversations with their friends and acquaintances, Roberts and Christenson have concluded that most adults generally think of adolescent music as all the same. Most don't seem aware of the astonishing increase in music genres and subgenres since they were young. Billboard now reports on more than 20 music charts, and the annual Grammy awards recognize 80 music categories. Yet even the industry does not recognize as much fragmentation as youthful consumers when they are asked about their music preferences. This diversity and selectivity are important, the authors say, because the "symbolic environment" of genres varies and adolescent preferences are linked to both individual and group identity. "A kid whose tastes run to rap artists such as Coolio or NWA probably thinks of himself in different terms and associates with a different peer group than one who prefers the pop sound of Mariah Carey or Janet Jackson." American adolescents perceive a cluster of music grounded in the racial origin of performers, they say, and also combine into one group various music types of British origin, such as punk, new wave and reggae. They also recognize "classic" rock of the '60s and '70s as a category, heavy metal, American hard rock, Christian music (inc...

The Affordable care act negatively impacts small businesses' tax Essay

The Affordable care act negatively impacts small businesses' tax liability and their ability to expand and hire new employees - Essay Example The act intends to offer all citizens of America a health insurance policy that can be easily affordable. This is in line with the main goal of achieving better health care in the United States. Employer is required to sign and implement the new act. This is supposed to affect companies with 50 or more staff members. The staffs are supposed to be given the health insurance. Failure to adhere to the new rules will see companies getting stiffer penalties. The act comes as a reprieve to the employees but serious issues still arise on the side of employers (Tammy, 2013). These challenges that have led to the delayed implementation of the act include:- 2. Tax Liability. Employers with the threshold of 50 or more staff are legally required to give health coverage to their staff. Failure to adhere to this they are to pay tax penalty which will increase annually. Estimates indicate that in 2014, the penalty will amount to $47.50 per child and $95 per adult or 1 percent of the household income that is taxable. In 2015, the penalty will be $ 162.50 per child and $ 325 per adult or 2 percent of household income that is taxable. In 2016, the penalty will amount to $347.50 per child and $695per adult or 2.5 percent of household income that is taxable. In each case, whichever option is highest will be considered. After 2016, there will be an increase annually in the penalty centered on the increase in living cost (Tammy, 2013). The penalties impacts negatively on small business that might be forced to go through severe losses and even shutdown. 3. Hiring. Research indicate that there will be a less of approximately two million people employed on full time basis in 2017 as compared to the number working in the nonexistence of the new law. Big and small companies are likely to reduce the rate of hiring, the small companies being the most affected. ACA can hasten the deterioration in employment in small business by reducing both the need of

Baby-Boomer Parents And Their Gen Y Children Essay - 1

Baby-Boomer Parents And Their Gen Y Children - Essay Example This problem has not been fully addressed yet because some people are taking for granted how technology negatively affects their families. These generations must find ways to bridge this gap without necessarily contradicting their interests and preferences in life. Without resolving this gap, generation clashes can result in family conflicts and unhappiness. Gen Y children and Baby Boomer parents can use technology as a bridge that can strengthen family ties through using it to develop better learning and communication strategies. Gen Y children use technology to do multitasking, while Baby Boomer parents employ technology to supplement their activities, but most of the latter prefer doing things the traditional way, and this difference in how technology is used can lead to a strong communication gap between them. Gen Y children depend on technology to do several tasks at the same time, which makes them great multitaskers (Cekada, 2012, p.41), while Baby Boomers do not like doing many things altogether (Cekada, 2012, p.43). Baby Boomers clash with their children who prefer finishing tasks their way, while the former want them to do things the way they used to. Because of these differences in how they see their responsibilities, Gen Y children may overlook that their parents do tasks in a different way, thereby making them impatient in dealing with the latter. Gen Y people tend to expect â€Å"immediate responses,† while their parents may want to talk things through, or to demand their own responses in t heir own time and terms (Cekada, 2012, p.42). Instead of achieving clear communication, the result is miscommunication because of conflicting communication expectations. Because of these problems, Gen Y children should not expect their parents to speak and act the way they do and the same goes for the latter, and instead, they should set aside time doing family activities that they can both enjoy to strengthen their ties. If Baby Boomers see cellular phones for calling than data services, for instance, Gen Y children can help them use smartphones, where they can maximize their data services for their communication needs (Kumar & Lim, 2008, p.570).

The Republican Presidential Candidate's Stand on Stem Cell Research Paper

The Republican Presidential Candidate's Stand on Stem Cell - Research Paper Example This topic was once again brought to center stage because of Newt Gingrich's declaration as published in The Washington Post that he would ban embryonic stem cell research and also question the IVF practices (Tumulty, Karen, Gingrich Wows to Ban Embryonic Stem-Cell Research, Questions In Vitro Practices). His statement then led me to wonder about what the stand of the other 2 leading Republican presidential candidates would be on the issue. The answers I found were quite troubling. It would appear that save for Mitt Romney's limited knowledge of stem cell research, none of the GOP candidates actually understand the reasons behind the need to federally fund any stem cell research and as far as any of these candidates are concerned, scientific and medical advancements directly tied to stem cell research are a work of the devil and will not bring anything to our society. They believe that stem cell research is actually a method by which a child can legally be murdered by those around hi m. It saddens me to think that these candidates are so lost in their own world that they cannot see how stem cell research is actually a gift from science, not a tool of death. Through the years, the stem cell research debate has become one of the divisive arguments within the GOP. One which has their presidential candidates taking opposing sides, all with the intention of keeping their private and religious supporters happy and their campaign funds at a steady amount. However, the time has come for the Republican party to decide whether they are going to have candidates who represent the will of the people and the needs of many, or the religious aspect which is fast losing ground and support in an era when religious beliefs no longer hold as much power over the people as it did in the past decades. Of the three current frontrunners of the Republican party presidential race, two of them hold true and dear to their party standards while only one has chosen to be his own man and repre sent the actual will of the people on the issue. The two who stand for the traditional Republicans are Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum, while the modernist who sees the whole picture and not just party guidelines is Mitt Romney. With Newt Gingrich, the current 2nd placer in the GOP primaries declaring that he shall continue to prevent the further growth of stem cell research due to his misguided belief that stem cell research destroys an unborn child's life, he has shown the public the kind of traditional candidate that he is. One who does not see into the future and only lives in the past. A remnant of a political era long gone. This is a statement to be held as true since he declared to the flock of followers at the Baptist Church in Winterpark, Florida that: ... embryonic stem-cell research amounts to â€Å"the use of science to desensitize society over the killing of babies.† (Tumulty, Karen, Gingrich Vows to Ban Embryonic Stem-Cell Research, Questions In Vitro Practices) By making such a declaration, the public may be led to believe that should Mr. Gingrich be elected to the White House, the scientific and medical community will suffer a significant setback in the research and development of disease prevention and cure. It is easy to see why he would make such a declaration, he is after all a Catholic convert and is a staunch pro-life supporter as well. Mr. Gingrich's sentiment is one which is familiarly echoed by the 3rd ranked GOP presidential cand

Case Study A Global Investment Marketing Essay

Case Study A Global Investment Marketing Essay A global investment is a difficult mission that requires the assessment of different aspects of potential opportunities in different countries. Moreover, needs serious examination and analysis of success and failure probability. The purpose of this paper is to study the strategy of Etisalat, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) telecommunication company in the Saudi Arabia market as Mobily. Moreover, description, cause and effect of that strategy will be discussed at understand Saudis economy and to identify the total investment in the mobile sector. In addition, an attempt to examine the performance of Mobliy and the obstacles it faced was made. A specially, the difficulty it faced when it started the business in the Saudi market while trying to catch a part of mobile phone market share, managing its business and communicating with its mother company in the UAE. To overcome these obstacles, Mobily created new services for personal and companies to add value for its subscribers to achieve its strategy target. To explain its success in Saudis market, some business information will be discussed evaluating its strategy. Table of Contents: 2- Etisalats globalstrategy 3-SAY GOODBYE TO THE MONOPOLY 4-Mobily Ownership Structure 5-Mobily Objectives 6-STRATEGY 7-HAJJ EFFECT ON PROFITABILITY 8-INFRASTRUCTURE 9-Effect of macro-environmental and micro-environmental on Mobilys marketing mix 2- Etisalats globalstrategy Etisalat is the largest Arab telecommunications firm in the Middle East, with 63 million customers and has launched the most advanced services to the area.( http://www.etisalat.ae) Etisalats strategy is anchored in expanding in international markets and being able to be one of the top-10 telecoms service suppliers in the world. To execute this strategy, Etisalat attempts actually to create the retail of mobile devices around some states in Africa, Asia and the Middle East as Saudi Arabia and Egypt because these countries have shown an increase in GDP, great increase in population and unemployment and Etisalat try to present telecom services and solutions which add value to consumers and facilitates perfect deal with technology. 3-SAY GOODBYE TO THE MONOPOLY In 2004, the only mobile operator was Saudi Telecom Company (STC). At the same time, the mobile penetration rate just was 40%,and there were only 9.2 million customers. When Mobily entered Saudi market in 2005, broke the monopoly. The liberalization of the Saudi Arabian telecommunication sector caused the penetration rate to rise to 109% in 2007, to  assure  of 50% for customers growth. Mobily paid 3.46 billion USD to have the second mobile license in KSA in 2005. Mobily was successful in covering most of Saudi Arabias land with the GSM coverage 97% of populated areas. It was also the first mobile Saudi operator to  initiate  value-added services such as location-based services (LBS) and MMS. 5-Mobily Objectives To be the best work environment in the KSA by caring for their employees. To be Number One at enjoyment their subscribers. To sustain leadership in data applications and services 6-STRATEGY Mobily is successful attainment its long term vision: to change from a pure mobile operator to a multi-functional telecom operator in KSA. Mobily was granted approval by CITC (Communication and Information Technology Commission) to attained 96% of Zajil International Telecom and 99.9% of Bayanat Al Oula which has a WIMAX license, two data service suppliers in KSA in 2008. Mobily is managing the cost of existing operations when its purchase of a 66.6% stake from the Saudi National Fiber Network (SNFN) which substitutes the use of STCs international gateway network. The incomes of the SAR2 billion capital increases are used for funding or upgrading. (http://www.mobily.com.sa) Mobily has built a strong connection with Etisalat of UAE for procurement of resource. This connection might be significant for presenting one of the best plan networks in the world. The revenue of Mobily Company Q2 2010 recorded as 3,972 million showing an increase of 24% over the same quarter last year. Mobilys chairman, ENG. Abdulaziz Alsaghyir mention that the increase of our Q2 revenue is due to the growth in broadband revenues and creating a centre of attention more post-paid consumer, in addition, Mobily has approved its strategy for five year time know as GED planning for expansion, differentiation to supply combined telecom services constructed about fixed and mobile broadband technologies. 7-HAJJ EFFECT ON PROFITABILITY It is expected that around 3 million person visit Saudi Arabia during the Hajj pilgrimage season, which is reflected in Mobilys fourth quarter earnings. Mobily achieved highest quarterly earnings during the fourth quarter. Mobily Quarterly Earnings 8-INFRASTRUCTURE Mobily has finished building its own capacity infrastructure to support itself. On the other hand, when Zain started their business, has rented transmission capacity from both Mobily and STC. This produced an additional flow of income for Mobily and STC depending on Zains usage capacity. (http://www.gulfbase.com) 9-Effect of macro-environmental and micro-environmental on Mobilys marketing mix There are many reasons to the macro-environment that will influence the choices of the managers of any establishment. New laws, tax changes, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes are all instances of macro change. To help analyse these reasons or factors managers can categorise them using the PESTEL model. (http://www.oup.com) Kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a helpful strategic tool for distinguishing market growth or reduction, business position, potential and direction for operations. In analyzing the macro-environment, it is essential to understand the factors that might in turn affect a number of critical variables that are likely to affect the companys demand and supply levels (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). 9.1 Why Saudi Arabia There are few states to be able to propose secure supplies of inexpensive energy, a geographical starting point to a huge market and a customers requirement to achieve a suitable solution for new adventure enterprise or investment. The research has indicated that Saudi Arabia is one of the best 20 destinations for overseas direct investment in the globe. Moreover, Saudi Arabia known as one of the most enterprising nations in the Middle East, Saudis huge natural energy integration with the long-term image and strategic planning to make todays stable, robust economy. Saudi Arabia is hoping and arranging for different areas of future which is more comprehensive, expansive, sustainable and combined on both social and economic sector. All of these examples will be improved via Saudis experience financing, assessing to establish a nation of constant development. A massive amount of money has been spent by kingdom of Saudi Arabia to add value proposition to global business. The government of Saudi has planned goals of varies faceted reform strategy that lead Saudi Arabia to be one of the suitable position in the global to operate business. (http://www.sagia.gov.sa) At  the  same  time, Saudi Arabia is spending tens of billions of dollars to start four economic towns in diverse place of the nation to support economic improvement. 9.3The supplier environment Mobily attempts often to depend on several suppliers. Mobliy and its suppliers, both parties depend on the other for their successful commercial. Even though, both parties are looking for security and stability from their relationship, still they are some reasons to the supplier environment are subject to change, such as some disputes on a sudden raise in material or maintenance agreements prices which controls by suppliers to increase their prices and this will effect seriously on the company commercial operations. 9.4 The distributive environment Mobilys management is placed on marketing intermediaries as agents and distributors to make sure that their products arrive at the final consumer. To Mobilys management, it may seem that the conservative method of distribution in telecommunication is relatively static. For the reason that changes in the distributive environment happen quietly, and there is a risk of marketing companies failing to aware about the commercial change. 9.5 The competitive environment. The company must be aware about the potential risk of other players marketing similar and substitute services whether they are of domestic or foreign origin. . In the telecommunication sector in KSA have just three players a potential competitive threat. Whatever the type, size and composition of the telecommunication sector, Mobilys marketing management has a full understanding of competitive forces. However, Mobily Known with this knowledge, which will have a greater opportunity to compete effectively. http://www.da-group.co.uk/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=31:micro-and-macro-environmentscatid=2:marketing-lecturesItemid=3 The marketing mix Price Mobily used some approaches to price a product as the price charged for products and services is set unnaturally down in consideration of gain market share. Once this is attained, the price is increased. In addition, charge a reasonable price when has a strong competitive advantage. On the same time, Mobily attentive about competitors. However, most of their prices it is fair and satisfied for most of the customers. Place Channel Distribution Mobilys distribution strategy is driven by three main channels which: Direct sales: The direct sale channel includes Mobilys 24 flagship stores and 155 fully branded stores. The flagship stores are completely owned and employed entirely with Mobily personnel, while the fully branded outlets manage as franchises. Indirect sales: The Firm depend deeply on its distribution partners to attain wide range distribution at a rapid pace. Mobily has a sign primary distribution contract with seven major distributors, each of which special effects sales through 149 fully branded, 288 co-branded and 4,000 secondary distributor outlets. Co-branded: The Company has channelled sales through ATM and the Internet for top-up of prepaid cards. So as to focus VIP sector successfully, the Company has begun a separate section of Corporate and VIP Sales. Product Mobily has been achieving the three levels of product which are the Core product, the Actual product, and finally the augmented product. In addition, another marketing tool for evaluating products as The Product Life Cycle (PLC) which based upon the biological life cycle, and The Customer Life Cycle (CLC) which focuses upon the production of and delivery of lifetime value to the consumers.( http://marketingteacher.com) Three Levels of a Product Mobily Connect: Connect Al Zaeem, Connect Turbo Router, Connect Turbo, Connect Mini WIFI, Ferrari Connect, Connect Foot Ball, Connect Long Tail, Mini Wi-Fi. Postpaid : Mobily Minute buntes , Blue Wave Mada, Najma,Deeraty, Raqi, Fallah Mobily Khatty and Khatty Plus. Prepaid: 7ala, Anees, 7ala Plus, Wafeer, Mabuhay Kababayan, Blue Wave, Visitors Line Rihal, fallah, I phone line. Smart phones :I phone 3Gs, Iphone 4 , BlackBerry,Nokia N8,Samaung Galaxy Tab, Liquid E Ferrari . Broadband at home, Mobile internet, Internet Roaming(can only be used outside the kingdom of Saudi Arabia). (http://www.mobily.com.sa) Promotion Mobily is using the promotions mix to deliver a unique campaign as : Personal Selling. (Mobily tend to be well trainee for their sales workers in the approaches and techniques of personal selling to meet high margin in sales). Sales Promotion. Public Relations. Direct Mail. Trade Fairs and Exhibitions. Advertising.( Mobily paid for communication to develop attitudes and create awareness for people. Furthermore, Mobily use the advertising in media such as newspapers (local, free, trade), magazines and journals, television (local, national, satellite), outdoor advertising (such as posters). Sponsorship (Mobily bought for SR 200 million over the five years to associate their brand with Al-Hilal which   is one the leading and well-known football clubs, not only in Saudi Arabia but in the Middle East and Asia).( http://saudijeans.org) SWOT Analysis Strengths The improvement and concentrate on innovative products and value-added services. The experiences shift and indirectly supported from the mother company Etisalat UAE. Mobily have been using an aggressive marketing strategy that enabled it to obtain a 30% market share in less than two years of operation. To decline the cost of operation and improve data revenues flow, Mobily is improving a new Saudi fibre optic network. Mobily has been improving the company brand and reputation, to attract the corporate sector in KSA. Saudi government avoids currency risks. quickly responded to a new competitor Zain by creating roaming agreements with about 100 operators in 56 countries. Well improved mobile network coverage with 3G services. Weaknesses low in the increasing postpaid customers in Mobilys subscribers Continuing need for high spending for improve the network servers. High focus of prepaid subscribers, about 90% of customers signalling lower average revenue for parson. STC is ranked first in broadband overall Opportunities Due to rising oil prices in the world lead to build a strong economy and high GDP per person in a region. A strong population growth, 69% of the population is under the age of 30. Partnership with parent operator for entering new telecom markets. Increase market share in mobile broadband. Saudi government attempts to capture foreign direct investment in the telecommunications business through improvements in information technology sectors. Purchase of companies in the value chain. Threats Intense competition due to the entrance of MTC lately, as the third mobile player, is leading to decreases in average revenue. Due to easier for customers to transfer from one operator to another that lead to increased competition between operators. Low demand response to new services. Decline in margins as a result of price wars. Failure of public to adapt to changing technology.

Essay example --

Amelia Ferrari Composition 2 A. Gaffney March 13, 2014 Why You Should be in a Sport Imagine being part of a team and having a second family. Sounds pretty amazing, doesn’t it. Well it is. My dance team is seriously like my second family and I would do almost anything for anyone of them. It takes more to being in a sport than you think. Athletes have to be extremely physically fit along with a lot of other great qualities, but it’s all worth it in the end. The great feeling you get when you win. The feeling of being part of something. It feels amazing and everyone should know what that feels like. It all pays off in the end. Everyone should be in a sport at least once in their life or at least try it for a little while. Being in a sport teaches children and teenagers sportsmanship and the importance of teamwork. â€Å"Being involved in sports gives children a chance to meet kids and families in the community they wouldn't have otherwise† (Franz). It shows them how to be supportive of their teammates and how to improve upon their social skills. Hopefully, your children will get plenty of...

Pritur

PRITUR Market – aggregate of people who as individuals or organizations have needs or services and who have the ability, willingness and authority to purchase such products Marketing – is all about finding out what guests wants and needs are, then providing them at a reasonable cost and profit. Sales- is an important part of marketing. Difference between marketing and sales. Marketing focuses on the guests Sales it focuses on products Environmental analysis – means studying the economic social, political and technological influences that could affect the hospitality business. Focuses on: 1.Economic impact – should not be underestimated. 2. Social analysis – demographic is a part of social analysis and this is the profile of society includes: Age, sex, household, income, family size, occupation, religion, race and nationality. 3. Political analysis – the political analysis will affect the hospitality in a number of ways like: employment regist ration, minimum wage, health care, taxes on the benefit package, tax deduction, and no smoking laws. 4. Technological analysis – to make work faster and easier. 5. Competitor analysis – analysing the strength and weakness of your competitor. Marketing process: 1.Market planning – it is the planning process that yields the decision on a business unit can best compete in the market. 2. Market assessment – to determine if there is a need for a product or service in the market encloses its potential. 3. Market demand – 4. Competitive analysis – assessment the strength and weakness of the company. 5. Positioning – to occupy a specific place or position to the target market. 6. Market goals or objectives – an objective must be planned for each goal. Any form of a business has its own goal. 7. Marketing Needs – is the combination of elements that you will use to market your product.The four P`s of marketing: 1. The place â€⠀œ location. 2. The product – the needs and wants of the target market. 3. The promotion – it include the technique for communicating the products. Advertising – is any form of paid or non personal communication used by an identified sponsor to persuade or to inform certain audience about a product. Form of advertising: 1. Personal selling – form of sales. 2. Sales promotion – include offering inducements to buyers. 3. Public relation – include all communication aimed at increasing goodwill in the user communities. Publicity – is the organization communication with the public. * Packaging – is when organization combines two or more items or activities. * Programming – a complete program of events is planned. 4. People – are the important part of marketing mix. this is considered to be the key service component of the tourism industry. 8. Action Plan – it creates action plan based on the 4 P`s. 9. Performanc e evaluation – evaluating actual operations against expected performance is an ongoing process and lets an organization how well it has done compared with how well it said it would to. budget vs. Actual expenses, investigate variants, take corrective actions. Market segmentation – is the marketing process of dividing a market into distinct subsets that behave in the same way or have similar needs. 1. Business to business – involves selling of product with other agencies. 2. Business to consumer – involves the selling of product directly to the costumer. Niche market – also called as specialty market is can be categorized as a consumer or industrialized market.

Always better control (ABC) Analysis

Always better control (ABC) Analysis Always better control (ABC) analysis has historically found application in inventory and materials control. Some scholars also refer to ABC analysis as Selective Inventory Control (Wild 39). ABC analysis is among the most established techniques in the field of business administration (Lun and Hung 157).The technique has proved useful in determining the frequency of counting various items.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Always better control (ABC) Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the leading policies governing ABC analysis is that items in category A are characterized by accurate records and tight control, while those in category B are characterized by good records and are less tightly controlled. In contrast, C items have the minimal records and have the simplest controls. As such, the various products in an organization can be arranged into three classes namely, A, B, and C. There are a lot of simil arities between the ABC analysis and the Preto principle in the sense that items in class ‘A’ represent a large portion of the cumulative value but a smaller percentage of items in use. For example, 20 percent of items in class ‘A’ could represent 70 percent of the value of items consumed in a year. On the other hand, 30 percent of items in class ‘B’ accounts for 25 percent of the value of items consumed in a year (Wild 40). Finally, in class ‘C’, 50 percent of items in this category accounts for just 5 percent of the value of items consumed in the category annually. What this means is that ABC analysis tries to separate the most important products (those in class A) from the less important products (those in classes B and C). ABC analysis presents us with a technique for categorizing items that have a huge effect on overall inventory control (Lun and Hung 158). The ABC analysis theory appears to suggest that different inventories of a firm are unequal in value (Wild 40). For this reason, they are grouped into various categories. The categorization of the items of an organization using the ABC analysis technique allows an organization to ascertain the worth of its inventory. Accordingly, the organization is in a position to make the necessary adjustments to such inventories. For example, Class A items could be checked periodically and shipments of items in this category recorded and tracked carefully. On the other hand, items in Class B get less attention that those in Class A, while items in Class C get the least attention as they are less valuable than those in Class A. One of the strengths of the ABC analysis is that it allows managers to exercise selective focus and control on a limited number of items, and more so when the manager is faced with less items.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, by concentrating mainly on the ‘A’ category, the materials manager is in a position to exercise control over inventories, in addition to demonstrating visible results within a short period of time. This also helps to identify obsolete stocks (Vollmann 89). The ABC analysis further allows the materials manager to reduce clerical costs, thereby leading to enhanced inventory turnover and planning. In terms of weaknesses, the system does not provide proper codification and standardization of the inventory items needed. It also becomes difficult to make periodic reviews when only the ABC analysis is recalled. Another weakness of the system is that it only takes into account the monetary value of items at the expense of the significance attached to items of functioning, assembly, or production process. Lun, Kee and Hung, Lai. Shipping and Logistics Management. London: Springer, 2010. Print. Vollmann, Thomas. Manufacturing planning and control systems for supply chain   management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. Print. Wild, Tony. Best Practice in Inventory Management, 2nd Ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 2002. Print.

Discover the History of the ENIAC Computer

Discover the History of the ENIAC Computer As technology progressed in the early and mid-1900s, the need for enhanced computational speed grew. In response to this deficit, the American military invested half a million dollars to create the ideal computing machine. Who Invented the ENIAC? On May 31, 1943, the military commission for the new computer began with  the partnership of John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert, with the former serving as the chief consultant and Eckert as the chief engineer. Eckert had been a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering when he and Mauchly met in 1943. It took the team about one year to design the ENIAC and then 18 months plus half a million dollars in tax money to build it. The machine wasnt officially turned on until November 1945, by which time the war was over. However, not all was lost, and the military still put ENIAC to work, performing calculations for the design of a hydrogen bomb, weather predictions, cosmic-ray studies, thermal ignition, random-number studies, and wind-tunnel design. The ENIAC In 1946, Mauchly and Eckert developed the Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC). The American military sponsored this research because it needed a computer for calculating artillery-firing tables, the settings used for different weapons under varied conditions for target accuracy. As the branch of the military responsible for calculating the tables, the Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) became interested after hearing about Mauchlys research at the Moore School. Mauchly had previously created several calculating machines and in 1942  began designing a better calculating machine based on the work of John Atanasoff, an inventor who  used vacuum tubes to speed up calculations. The patent for ENIAC was filed in 1947. An excerpt from that patent, (U.S.#3,120,606) filed on June 26, read, With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. What Eas Inside the ENIAC? The ENIAC was an intricate and elaborate piece of technology for the time. Housed within 40 9-foot-tall cabinets, the machine contained 17,468 vacuum tubes  along with 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 relays, 6,000 manual switches, and 5 million soldered joints. Its dimensions covered 1,800 square feet (167 square meters) of floor space and weighed 30 tons, and running it consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power. Two 20-horsepower blowers delivered cool air to keep the machine from overheating. The vast extent of energy being used led to a rumor that turning on the machine would cause the city of Philadelphia to experience brownouts. However, the story, which was first reported incorrectly by the Philadelphia Bulletin in 1946, has since been discounted as an urban myth. In just one second, the ENIAC (1,000 times faster than any other calculating machine to date) could perform 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications, or 38 divisions. The use of vacuum tubes instead of switches and relays resulted in the increase in speed, but it was not a quick machine to reprogram. Programming changes would take the technicians weeks, and the machine always required long hours of maintenance. As a side note, research on the ENIAC led to many improvements in the vacuum tube. Contributions of Dr. John Von Neumann In 1948, Dr. John Von Neumann made several modifications to the ENIAC. The ENIAC had performed arithmetic and transfer operations concurrently, which caused programming difficulties. Von Neumann suggested that using switches to control code selection would make it so that pluggable cable connections could remain fixed. He added a converter code to enable serial operation. Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation Eckert and Mauchlys work extended beyond just ENIAC. In 1946, Eckert and Mauchly started the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In 1949, their company launched the BINAC (BINary Automatic Computer) that used magnetic tape to store data. In 1950, the Remington Rand Corporation bought the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and changed the name to the Univac Division of Remington Rand. Their research resulted in the UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer), an essential forerunner to todays computers. In 1955, Remington Rand merged with the Sperry Corporation and formed Sperry-Rand. Eckert remained with the company as an executive and continued with the company when it later merged with the Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys. Eckert and Mauchly both received the IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1980. The End of the ENIAC Despite its significant advances in computation in the 1940s, ENIACs tenure was short. On October 2, 1955, at 11:45 p.m.,  the power was finally shut off, and the ENIAC was retired. In 1996, precisely 50 years after ENIAC was publicly acknowledged by the government, the massive computer received its place in history. According to the Smithsonian, ENIAC was the center of attention in the city of Philadelphia as they celebrated being the birthplace of computation. ENIAC was ultimately dismantled, with sections of the massive machine on display at both Penn and the Smithsonian.

European Union and Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

European Union and Turkey - Essay Example This literature review will aim at describing the various changes that both sides have made over the years in order to demonstrate the progress made by the other side and will also focus on the factors that have influenced the necessity of such decisions. The initial focus will be on understanding the aspects on which the European Union is set to gain by allowing Turkey to obtain membership. This is deemed important in view of the current as it would serve as the reason for many of the changes initiated by the European Union itself. The first question that arises to mind over this issue is as to what does the enlarged European Union stand to gain as a result of Turkey's admission The best possible answer that can be offered within a political perspective is that the inclusion of Turkey as a member would do away with the long standing image of the European Union as an exclusive Christian Club1. Moreover, the proposed inclusion would also help the union in projecting itself to the rest of the world as a model for tolerance where multi-cultural, multi-religious and multi-ethnic peoples contribute to the welfare of one another. Secondly, the Union also stands to gain from the vast military and security assets that Turkey possesses. Moreover, in spite of having deficiencies at the moment, the inclusion will provide a Turkish economy that has shown a lot of potential and promise. The presence of Oil reserves and a highly qualified workforce would assure the union of a strengthened European economy that is in a better position to take on the challenges faced by it2. The European Union, on the other hand, is very eager to accommodate Turkey into its group and for this, the latter is supposed to achieve credible standards on a number of fronts, for which efforts have been initiated by the Turkish Government since the past few years. The European Union insists that Turkey needs to initiate the necessary actions not for pleasing the Union, but for its own good. The need for reforms has arisen from the fact that Turkey has been having problems in areas such as Human rights, public administration, governance, internal security. Most importantly, Turkey has been in the process of improving its relations with other European Countries with whom it has had long standing territorial disputed. Additionally, changes have also been made to the regulation of the local economy so as to upgrade it to the minimum base standards as perceived by the European Union3. However, in spite of vast changes, there have been certain areas where the European Union has not been satisfied with Turkey's efforts, which has resulted in criticism of some of its efforts and policies. This has resulted in the Union taking some tough measures to ensure that the country takes the best possible action in the future. the specifics of all of these shall be discussed in the forthcoming paragraphs. CHALLENGES BEFORE THE EUROPEAN UNION The major challenges that the European Union faces with respect to Turkey's accession to the union are the fact that a majority of the people are poor, the primary religion is Islam and the country apart from being large, possesses vast and untapped

International Business of Botswana Country Essay

International Business of Botswana Country - Essay Example When Botswana appeared on the face of the map, there was no army for the defence and protection of the country. In 1977 Botswana Defence Force was formed and today almost 12000 armed men are an integral part of the system (Botswana, 2007). The government of Botswana has perfectly maintain the outflow of diamonds for the economic well being of the country and from last three decades Botswana is a leader in the production of quality diamonds. Thus, the revenue generated from diamond mining is very rightly used to carry out the essential expenditures of the country (Background Note: Botswana, 2007). The other chief sources of income in Botswana include tourism and cattle industry. Before 1971 the market was based on agriculture and farming, but then diamond mining started that heightened the economic growth and also increased the per capita income of the country as compared to many other African countries (The World Fact Book, 2007). Whenever we consider the economic structure of a place, we cannot deny the fact that there are some threatening issues related to that area which have an immense effect on the expansion and progression of the nation. Similarly, Botswana is dealing with the victims of HIV- AIDS as the country has the second highest infection rate and as a result huge amounts are needed to tackle the problem every year (Structure of the economy, 2007). In addition to it, the nation is also facing crisis in the employment sector. A large number of population is unemployed and the government is taking keen interest in facilitating the service sector. Cultural values of Botswana In the northern areas of Botswana trained and skilful women are working in their villages. They are famous for weaving and crafting. Moreover, few writers of that part of the world are famous for their work primarily Bessie Head, who wrote about Botswana until her death in 1986 (Binsbergen, 2002). In the same manner people from different fields have entered the global market in order to promote the culture of Botswana and to strengthen its economy in the world (Botswana, 2007). Botswana - International trade today and 25 years back After the independence of Botswana in 1966, agriculture had been its major economic sector. Its main emphasis had been on agricultural goods which shared about forty percent (40%) of the Gross Domestic Product of Botswana and forms the basic exports of the country. Even today the primary sector contributes highest to the country's GDP, which now, not only includes agricultural goods but also mining. Now Botswana is on the path of diversification. It is working hard to diverse its economy and emphasizing more on manufacturing goods and mining than on agricultural goods. Its main manufacturing products include meat products, dairy products, textiles, chemical and leather products, wooden products and many others. In 1983 the mining sector contributed 52.6 percent to the GDP (Kapunda, 2003, 3). The major exports of Botswana are focused to Common custom area, USA, UK, Zimbabwe and to other European countries. In the year 1985 the total exports of Botswa